PEMBERDAYAAN SEBAGAI DISIPLIN SOSIAL: PENGALAMAN PEREMPUAN MARGINAL DALAM EKONOMI INFORMAL PERKOTAAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52423/welvaart.v7i1.157Keywords:
Pemberdayaan, Perempuan Marjinal, Ekonomi Informal, Disiplin Sosial, Relasi Kuasa, Feminisme KritisAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji pemberdayaan perempuan marginal perkotaan bukan semata sebagai proses emansipatoris, tetapi sebagai bentuk disiplin sosial yang bekerja melalui mekanisme kebijakan, program ekonomi, dan praktik institusional dalam sektor informal. Berangkat dari perspektif feminis kritis dan teori relasi kuasa, studi ini menganalisis bagaimana diskursus pemberdayaan membentuk subjek perempuan sebagai individu yang “mandiri”, “produktif”, dan “bertanggung jawab” atas kemiskinan mereka sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus pada perempuan pekerja sektor informal di wilayah perkotaan, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen kebijakan.Temuan menunjukkan bahwa program pemberdayaan; melalui pelatihan kewirausahaan, akses mikro-kredit, dan pendampingan usaha; seringkali mereproduksi logika neoliberal yang menekankan tanggung jawab individual, sementara mengabaikan ketimpangan struktural seperti keterbatasan akses modal, perlindungan sosial, dan ketidaksetaraan gender di pasar kerja. Alih-alih sepenuhnya membebaskan, praktik pemberdayaan tersebut membentuk mekanisme kontrol simbolik yang menormalkan kerja prekar, beban ganda, dan internalisasi etos kerja berbasis survival. Namun demikian, perempuan marginal tidak sepenuhnya pasif; mereka menegosiasikan, mengadaptasi, dan dalam beberapa konteks meredefinisi makna pemberdayaan sesuai dengan kebutuhan kolektif dan jaringan sosial mereka. Studi ini berkontribusi pada literatur feminis tentang ekonomi informal dengan menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan beroperasi sebagai arena ambivalen: sekaligus membuka ruang agensi dan memperkuat disiplin sosial. Dengan demikian, artikel ini menegaskan pentingnya membaca ulang agenda pemberdayaan dalam kerangka keadilan struktural dan transformasi institusional, bukan sekadar peningkatan kapasitas individual.
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